Chapter Five Notes

1. The Kaiser Family Foundation, “United States: Health Insurance Coverage of Children 0–18,” http://www.statehealthfacts.org/cgibin/healthfacts.cgi?action=profile&area=United+States&category=Health+Coverage+%26+Uninsured&subcategory=Health+Insurance+Status&topic=Children+%280%2d18%29.

2. David U. Himmelstein et al., “Illness and Injury as Contributors to Bankruptcy,” Health Affairs, February 2, 2005, http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/hlthaff.w5.63v1.

3. Ibid., W5-71.

4. Ibid., W5-63.

5. Ibid., W5-66.

6. Harvard Medical School, “Illness and Medical Bills Cause Half of All Bankruptcies,” news release, February 2, 2005, http://www.hms.harvard.edu/news/releases/2_2Himmelstein.html.

7. John Leland, “Insurance Is No Longer a Safeguard,” New York Times, October 23, 2005.

8. Himmelstein et al., “Illness and Injury as Contributors to Bankruptcy,” W5-70.

9. Harvard Medical School, “Illness and Medical Bills.”

10. World Health Organization, The World Health Report 2005: Make Every Mother and Child Count, http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe6_en.pdf.

11. Ibid., http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe1_en.pdf.

12. Ibid., http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe2a_en.pdf.

13. Eileen R. Ellis et al., Medicaid Enrollment in 50 States: December 2002 Update (Washington, D.C.: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2003), http://www.kff.org/medicaid/upload/Medicaid-Enrollment-in-50-States-December-2002-Update.pdf.

14. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, The Uninsured and Their Access to healthcare (Washington, D.C.: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2005), http://www.kff.org/uninsured/upload/The-Uninsuredand-Their-Access-to-Health-Care-Fact-Sheet-6.pdf.

15. Ibid.

16. Kaiser Commission, Covering the Uninsured: Growing Need, Strained Resources (Washington, D.C.: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2005), http://www.kff.org/uninsured/upload/Covering-the-Uninsured-Growing-Need-Strained-Resources-Fact-Sheet.pdf.

17. Ibid.

18. Kaiser Family Foundation, Employer Health Benefits: 2005 Summary of Findings, http://www.kff.org/insurance/7315/sections/upload/7316.pdf; and Kaiser Family Foundation, “Survey Shows Private Health Insurance Premiums Rose 11.2 percent in 2004,” news release, September 9, 2004, http://www.kff.org/insurance/chcm090904nr.cfm.

19. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Survey Shows Private Health Insurance Premiums Rose.”

20. Ibid.

21. Kaiser Commission, Covering the Uninsured.

22. Hospital Accountability Project of the Service Employees International Union, Why the Working Poor Pay More: A Report on the Discriminatory Pricing of healthcare, March 2003, http://www.seiu.org/docUploads/Discriminatory_Pricing__why_working_poor_pay_more.pdf.

23. The World Health Organization reports that in 2002, the United States government paid for 44.9 percent of health expenses in the United States. The United States is tied for 131st place with Mexico and Ethiopia for the amount of health expenses paid by the government. Two-thirds of the countries in the World Health Organization pay more of their people’s health costs than the United States does. In the World Health Organization membership of 191 countries, seventy-nine of them pay at least 65 percent of their people’s health expenses. One hundred and seventeen of them pay at least half of their people’s health expenses. WHO, World Health Report 2005, http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe5_en.pdf.

24. Ibid., http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe6_en.pdf.

25. Ibid. (same infant mortality rate: http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe2a_en.pdf; spending:http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe6_en.pdf).

26. Ibid., http://www.who.int/whr/2005/annex/annexe5_en.pdf, 199.

27. Ibid.

28. Francesca Colombo and Nicole Tapay, “Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries: The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems” (working paper, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 2004), http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/34/56/33698043.pdf; and Steffie Woolhandler et al., “Costs of healthcare Administration in the United States and Canada,” New England Journal of Medicine 349, no. 8 (2003).

29. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, “Executive Paywatch Database,” http://www.aflcio.org/corporatewatch/paywatch/ceou/database.cfm?tkr=AET&pg=1.

30. Woolhandler et al., “Costs of healthcare Administration.”

31. Morton Mintz, “Single-Payer: Good for Business,” The Nation, November 15, 2004, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20041115/mintz.

32. Woolhandler et al., “healthcare Administration in the United States and Canada: Micromanagement, Macro Costs,” International Journal of Health Services 34, no. 1 (2004), http://www.pnhp.org/news/IJHS_US_v_Canada_Paper.pdf.

33. Steve Erwin, “Toyota to build 100,000 vehicles per year in Woodstock, Ontario, starting 2008,” CBC News, http://www.cbc.ca/cp/business/050630/b0630102.html.

34. Mintz, “Single-Payer: Good for Business.”

35. The Kaiser Family Foundation, “Health Insurance Coverage of Children 0–18, States (2003–2004), U.S. (2004),” State Health Facts, http://www.statehealthfacts.org/cgi-bin/healthfacts.cgi?action=compare&category=Health+Coverage+%26+Uninsured&subcategory=Health+Insurance+Status&topic=Children+%280%2d18%29 (accessed January 2006).

36. Center for Women’s Business Research, A Compendium of National Statistics on Women-Owned Businesses in the U.S., report prepared for The National Women’s Business Council, September 2001, http://www.nwbc.gov/documents/compendium.pdf.